However, its inclusion results generally in a decrease in feed intake, digestibility (energy, organic matter and amino acids including lysine, threonine, isoleucine, valine, aspartic acid and serine), daily gain and feed efficiency (Paiano et al., 2006; Fombad et al., 2004; Li DeFa et al., 2000; Balios et al., 1989; Papadopoulos et al., 1987). Sci., 25 (2) :13-16, Garcia, A. R. ; Batal, A. ; Tserveni-Gousi, A.S., 1989. Cottonseed meal is a good protein source for dairy cows fed fibrous by-products (straws) or forages of low nutritive value. Cottonseed Meal is a high protein by-product from the extraction of oil from whole cottonseed. cottonseed. In situ ruminal degradation characteristics of by-product feedstuffs for beef cattle consuming low-quality forage. Ars Veterinaria, 13 (3): 258-267, Thompson, R. J. ; Dixon, IW, 1988. Cottonseed meal could be used as pond fertilizer (Middendorp, 1995). In diets for pre- and post-weaning calves, cottonseed meal gave the same weight gains as rapeseed meal or soybean meal (Coppock et al., 1987) or slightly lower gains than soybean meal (Yazdani, 2005). Advances in the use of cottonseed meal in diets for growing pigs. Rev. The main constraint of cottonseed meal is the presence of gossypol, which limits its use in non-ruminant animals and in reproductive ruminants (see Potential constraints). Chinese Journal of Rabbit Farming Zhongguo Yangtu Zazhi, 2: 23-24, Yunus, A. W. ; Khan, A. G. ; Alam, Z. ; Sultan, J. I. ; Riaz, M., 2004. Apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids in feed ingredients determined with broilers and layers. Revue Med. Progressive Fish-Culturist, 47: 154–158. J. Anim. Sows also showed delayed oestrus (Qi LingYun et al., 1984 cited in EFSA, 2008). Anim. de., 2010. Prod. European Commission, Health and Consumer Protection Directorate-General, Directorate C. Scientific Opinions. J. Prod., 9 (2): 157-164, Matondi, G. H. M.; Masama, E.; Mpofu, I. D. T.; Muronzi, F. F. , 2007. Animal feed from local products and by-products in the British Caribbean. Agric. J. Anim. Feed value of selected tropical grasses, legumes and concentrates. Vét. Part I: Wu XiuFeng; Xue Min; Guo Liya; Wu LiXin; Zheng YinHua, 2010. The use of cotton seed meal in broilers diet. As a protein-rich feed, cottonseed meal is a common source of protein for ruminants, notably in cotton-producing areas such as India, China and the USA, where it is used as a partial substitute for soybean meal. Agric. Technol., 154 (3/4): 160-168, Kleemann, G. K.; Pai, M. dal; Pezzato, L. E.; Teixeira, C. P.; Padovani, C. R.; Barros, M. M., 2011. Effect of replacement of cottonseed cake with sunflower extraction on feed intake, feed efficiency and nutrient digestibility in lactating cows. Trop. Amino acid standardized ileal digestibility of cottonseed meals from different areas of China for swine. Anim.Sci., 13 (4): 521-527, Li, M. H. ; Robinson, E. H., 2006. Asian-Aust. In the USA, under typical conditions, even high-production dairy cows can be fed cottonseed meal without adverse effects (McGregor, 2000). 1988, 17, 474, TIS, 2012. Conf. Cottonseed meal was tested successfully at 25% inclusion rate in broiler breeder diets, with no detrimental effect on performance and on the quality, fertility and hatchability of eggs (Lordelo et al., 2004; Ryan et al., 1986). Cottonseed meal is a good protein source for ruminants (Göhl, 1982). Creol, Carter, F. L.; Castillo, A. E.; Frampton, V. L.; Kerr, T., 1966. East Afr. Trop. Goals / Objectives The overall aim of this study is to develop protein rich food products with composite flours utilizing gossypol free cottonseed meal (GCSM), a non-GMO variety crop that has low pest pressure in New Mexico. World Rev. J. Feeding of livestock in Uganda. Ghani: A traditional method of oil processing in India. Association Trade Rules Apply. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Fernandez, R. R.; Lawrence, A. FAO, Roma, Italy, Taghizadeh, A. ; Safamerh, A. ; Palangi, V. ; Mehmannavaz, Y., 2008. Also, the term expeller is not always clear, as it may apply both to meals that have undergone only mechanical extraction and to meals that have undergone both mechanical (screw press) and solvent-extraction. Dairy Sci., 89 (5): 1673-1677, Maglad, M. A. ; Lutfi, A. J. Anim. Aquaculture, 38: 145–154. The main limitation to the use of cottonseed meal in poultry diets is the toxic effect of gossypol and cyclopropenic acids (Nagalakshmi et al., 2007). Rumen metabolism studies in buffaloes fed solvent extracted and expeller crushed cotton seed cake. western U.S. Solvent extracted cottonseed meal is the more common of the two types and has Chinese J. Anim. Protein and energy sources for rabbit diets in Cameroon. A. ; Ramjee, R. ; Hulman, B. ; Dolberg, F. ; Rowe, J. Asian-Aust. TMR= total mixed ration; ADG= average daily gain. Sci., 96 (2): 397-404, Zinn R. A.; Montano M.; Alvarez E.; Shen, Y., 1997. As a highly palatable ingredient, it has often been assessed in order to replace soybean meal in fish diets (Li et al., 2006). Feed values and feeding potential of major agro-byproducts. J., 90 (5):655-666, Maesoomi, S. M.; Ghorbani, G. R.; Alikhani, M.; Nikkhah, A., 2006. It can be a good source of protein for monogastrics provided that its limitations are taken into account, notably the fibre content and the presence of gossypol (see Potential constraints) (Tanksley, 1990; Chiba, 2001). Effect of replacement of cottonseed cake with sunflower extractions on the performance of growing crossbred calves. Cottonseed meal from glandless varieties can be used at 15-20% if feed formulation is adequate. Rodman, J., 2006. Technol., 26 (1-2): 105-118, Carré, P, 2009. Review and evaluation major and most promising processing technologies for oil seed pretreatment and extraction.Sustoil. J. Sci. Improving the nutritive value of cottonseed meal by adding iron on growing lambs diets. 124, Woods, W. R.; Richardson, H.; Kruse, K.; Gallup, W. D.; Tillman, A. D., 1962. It was thrice TABLE IV. The University of Georgia, Cooperative extension, Bulletin 311, 8p, Sudana, I. The level at which cottonseed meal lowers animal performance depends on the level of free gossypol, on the type of cottonseed meal and on the nutritional balance of the diet (Nagalakshmi et al., 2007). Cottonseed meal in diets for growing and finishing pigs. Prod. Small Rumin. Incorporation of grass silage, whole cereal grains, cassava and cottonseed meal into diets of rabbits kept in a simulated tropical environment. J. Vet. The effects of cottonseed meal on laying performance depend on the experimental conditions, and particularly on the free gossypol content of the cottonseed meal (Nagalakshmi et al., 2007). Anim. Nutr., 25 (12): 2844-2853, Zhang, F. ; Adeola, O., 2017. C2 Management of Scientific committees; scientific co-operation and networks, SCF/CS/CNTM/MYC/25 Rev 6 Final. Effect of replacing cotton seed cake with sunflower meal in the rations of lactating crossbred cows. Sci. UNDP/SF Project No. J. A. da; Melotti, L.; Lucci, C. de S., 1998. Theriogenology, 61 (6): 1171-1179, Hennessy, D. W.; Williamson, P. J., 1988. However, the actual limit depends on the fish species, on the type of cottonseed meal and on the level of gossypol, as shown in the table below. Bras. A comparison of cottonseed and formaldehyde-treated sunflower meals on the production of, Hennessy, D. W.; Kempton, T. J.; Williamson, P. J., 1989. Feed Sci. Vet. Comparative efficacy of supplemented de-oiled groundnut, sunflower, maize and cottonseed cakes on growth and body composition of fry of common carp, Cyprinus carpio (comm.). Feedipedia is encountering funding shortage. Res., 25 (1): 39-42, Khan, A. G.; Azim, A.; Nadeem, M. A.; Ayaz, M., 2000. As a result, there is a wide range of cottonseed meals differing in their protein, fibre and oil content. Effects of dietary gossypol in cottonseed meal on aspects of semen quality and sperm production in young Brahman bulls. J. Appl. The use of cotton seed meal in the diet of laying hens. Plant Sci., 19 (1): 6-9, Jackson, A. J., Capper, B. S.; Matty, A. J., 1982. Apparent digestibility of the energy and nutrients of agro-industrial by-products for Nile tilapia. Determination of digestibility coefficients of various feedstuffs for red drum (, Göhl, B., 1970. Gossypol isomers bind specifically to blood plasma proteins and spermatozoa of rainbow trout fed diets containing cottonseed meal. J. Anim. National Dairy Development Board, Animal Nutrition Group, Anand, India, Neumark, H., 1970. Feedipedia is encountering funding shortage. (Ed.). Bras. Chemical composition and nutritive value of spent citronella grass and cottonseed hulls. Effect of dietary graded levels of cottonseed meal and gossypol on growth performance, body composition and health aspects of allogynogenetic silver crucian carp, Campbell, L. D. ; Jacobsen, I. ; Eggum, B. O. ; Just, A., 1983. Vet., 156 (2): 104-106, Babiker, M. S., 2012. Livest. J. Anim. Anand, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Payne, M.; Owen, E.; Capper, B. S.; Wood, J. F. Radwan, M. A.H, 1988. AFZ, 2011; Allan et al., 2000; Bach Knudsen, 1997; Batterham et al., 1984; Batterham et al., 1990; Batterham et al., 1990; Belibasakis, 1984; Campbell et al., 1983; CIRAD, 1991; CIRAD, 1994; CIRAD, 2008; Costa et al., 2010; De Boever et al., 1994; Donkoh et al., 2009; Fialho et al., 1995; Guimaraes et al., 2008; Israelsen et al., 1978; Khanum et al., 2007; Knabe et al., 1989; Kumar et al., 2007; Lechevestrier, 1996; Lekule et al., 1990; Maliboungou et al., 1998; Marcondes et al., 2009; Mujahid et al., 2000; Nadeem et al., 2005; Nengas et al., 1995; Nwokolo et al., 1976; Nwokolo, 1986; Oluyemi et al., 1976; Qiao ShiYan et al., 2004; Reid et al., 1987; Santos et al., 2013; Sudana et al., 1986; Tamminga et al., 1990; Watkins et al., 1995; Zongo et al., 1993; Zoure, 1991, ADAS, 1988; ADAS, 1988; AFZ, 2011; Bach Knudsen, 1997; Batterham et al., 1990; CIRAD, 1991; CIRAD, 1994; Friesecke, 1970; Israelsen et al., 1978; Lekule et al., 1990; Maliboungou et al., 1998; Muindi et al., 1981; Nadeem et al., 2005; Neumark, 1970; Parigi-Bini et al., 1991; Pousga et al., 2007; Pozy et al., 1996; Smith, 1970; Zoure, 1991, ADAS, 1988; ADAS, 1988; AFZ, 2011; Bredon, 1957; Campbell et al., 1983; CIRAD, 1991; Cirad, 2008; De Boever et al., 1994; Karalazos et al., 1988; Khanum et al., 2007; Mlay et al., 2006; Mondal et al., 2008; Munguti et al., 2009; Neumark, 1970; Susmel et al., 1989; Taghizadeh et al., 2005; Walker, 1975; Weisbjerg et al., 1996; Woodman, 1945; Zoure, 1991, Abbeddou et al., 2011; Aderibigbe et al., 1983; AFZ, 2011; Balogun et al., 1990; CIRAD, 1991; CIRAD, 1994; CIRAD, 2008; De Boever et al., 1984; Dewar, 1967; Erasmus et al., 1994; Erdman et al., 1986; Erdman et al., 1987; Holm, 1971; Israelsen et al., 1978; Judkins et al., 1991; Krishnamoorthy et al., 1995; Lechevestrier, 1996; Lekule et al., 1990; Lindberg, 1981; Madsen et al., 1984; Marcondes et al., 2009; Morse et al., 1992; Mupeta et al., 1997; Papadopoulos et al., 1987; Papadopoulos et al., 1987; Thomas et al., 1984; Vervaeke et al., 1989; Waters et al., 1992; Yamazaki et al., 1986; Zoure, 1991, Heuzé V., Tran G., Hassoun P., Bastianelli D., Lebas F., 2019. J. Anim. Sci., 3 (7): 804-806, Tanksley, I. T. D. Jr.; Knabe, D. A.; Purser, K.; Zebrowska, T.; Corley, J. R., 1981. Influence of graded levels of cottonseed cake supplementation on the nutritive value of cereal straws fed to sheep and goats. Performance of weaner pigs fed diets containing cottonseed oil by-products in Ghana. Composition and feeding value of cottonseed feeds products for beef cattle. Agric. Hassan, M. E.; Smith, G. W.; Ott, R. S.; Faulkner, D. B.; Firkins, L. D.; Ehrhart, E. J.; Schaeffer, D. J., 2004. 38% Cottonseed Cake Plus Bryant Grain’s 38% Cottonseed Cake Plus is a high protein, 3/4″ cube. Animal, 9 (preprint), Batterham, E. S. ; Andersen, L. M. ; Baigent, D. R. ; Darnell, R. E. ; Taverner, M. R., 1990. Lysine … 262-375-9111 Essential amino acids of fish meal (FM) and cottonseed meal protein hydrolysate (CPH) (g kg −1). specific situation. Advoc., 5 (6): 29–30. All final recommendations should be made by a qualified person Due to such variations, including in the free gossypol content, the effect of a given level of cottonseed meal is not constant (Diaw et al., 2011). In: Canadian environmental quality guidelines, Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment, Winnipeg, Chapoutot, P., 1998. Zootec., 40 (4): 852-859, Batonon-Alavo, D. I.; Umar Faruk, M.; Lescoat, P.; Weber, G. M.; Bastianelli, D., 2015. Food Sci., 49 (4): 1057-1066, Randel, R. D. ; Chase, C. C. Jr. ; Wyse, S. J., 1992. Effects of diets containing cottonseed meal on semen quality and testicular tissue in fine-wool rams. Annals of Agricultural Science, AinShams University., 28 (3): 1415-1428. Apparent digestion coefficients and metabolizable energy of feed ingredients for rainbow trout, Smith, K. J., 1970. Nutr., 89: 307-310, Coppock, C. E. ; Lanham, J. K. ; Horner, J. L., 1987. An evaluation of the use of cottonseed cake in the diet of growing pigs. Tropicultura, 11 (3): 95-98, Substitution of up to 35% of soybean meal, No differences in intake, diet DM digestibility and milk yield (13.2 -14.7 kg/d), No differences in milk yield (13.8 -14.7 kg/d) and milk composition, Substitution of 50 or 70% of sunflower meal, No differences in intake, diet DM digestibility and milk yield (11 kg/d) at 50% substitution, No difference in DMI (23.5 kg/d), milk yield (23-24 kg/d) and fat content (3.3%). J. Detrimental effects of free gossypol fed to male ruminants through cottonseed meal include histological changes in testicular tissue and lower sperm quality. Res., 6 (2): 107-114, Azman, M. A.; Yilmaz, M., 2005. Cottonseed meal or feather meal supplementation of ammoniated tropical grass hay for yearling cattle. Prod., 9 (3): 196-199, Patel, B. M., 1966. Zootec., 39 (3): 532-540, Amin, Z. ; Muhammad Akram; Altaf ur Rehman Barque; Muhammad Rafique, 1986. Gossypol was not found in the milk, but calves born from cows fed cottonseed meal showed bone anomalies (especially males) which might have been associated with vitamin D and parathyroid hormone metabolism dysfunction, 25% (replacing 50% soybean meal without lysine supplementation), 50% (100% replacement of soybean meal with lysine supplementation), Pre-pressed, solvent-extracted cottonseed meal with 300 mg/kg free gossypol (50% replacement of fishmeal), 32% with lysine supplementation (50% replacement of soybean meal), 41.25 %  (75% replacement of soybean meal), 40% replacement of fishmeal with amino acid supplementation, Mechanically-extracted cottonseed meal (100% replacement of soybean meal), Reduced growth, increased tissue gossypol, No adverse effect at 1800 mg/kg free gossypol in feed, No adverse effect at 1600 mg/kg free gossypol in feed, Reduced growth, increased liver gossypol level, Reduced growth, lower hematocrits, hemoglobin and plasma protein, ceroid, Thickening of the glomerular basement membrane in kidneys, necrosis in liver, Pacific blue shrimp and Pacific white shrimp, Reduced feed intake, reduced growth, high mortality, The screw press method uses heat which increases the binding of the gossypol protein, converting free (toxic) gossypol into bound (non-toxic) gossypol, and the resulting meals have the lowest amounts of free gossypol (200-500 mg/kg) (, The solvent extraction method (with no mechanical and heating step) does not require high temperatures, which limits the gossypol-protein binding, and the amount of residual free gossypol may be up to ten times higher than in screw-pressed meals (1000-5000 mg/kg). Res. Even one cent is helpful to us! There are two different processing methods used to extract the oil from the cottonseed, and they differ in the … Besides its value as a fully vegan fertilizer, cottonseed meal also has a high protein concentration that slows down the decomposition of the material. The effect of feeding cottonseed cake, sesbania or leucaena with crushed maize as supplement to teff straw. Intoxication with gossypol resulted in decreased hemoglobin and increased erythrocyte fragility in dairy cows fed a high level of cottonseed meal (45% in the diet) (Coppock et al., 1987). Supplementation of sugarcane tops and roadside grass, Substitution for up to 100% soybean meal as a sole supplement, Substitution for rapeseed meal in a sorghum silage-based TMR, Growing dairy heifers, crossbred (180 kg), Comparison to soybean meal in a maize silage-based TMR, Comparison to formaldehyde-treated sunflower meal with low quality pasture hay, No difference in ADG (760-775 g/d) and hay DMI (5.5 kg/d), No difference in ADG (595-750 g/d) and hay DMI (5.2 kg/d), Cottonseed meal compared to Copra meal with low quality pasture hay, No difference in ADG (500-550 g/d) and hay DMI (5.2 kg/d), Increasing levels of cottonseed meal with straw, ADG increases up to 640 g/d with 1.4 kg cottonseed meal/d, Increasing levels of cottonseed meal in TMR, Increasing cottonseed meal decreased ADG (1470 to 1320 g/d) but not carcass characteristics, Used as protein supplement in a straw-based diet, Higher daily work output and slight weight gain (17 g/d), Comparison to soybean meal and rapeseed meal in TMR, Slightly lower ADG (213 g/d) with cottonseed meal than with soybean or rapeseed meal (233-244 g/d), Comparison of untreated and formaldehyde-treated cottonseed meal, Positive effect of treatment: higher ADG (185, Comparison with sesame meal and groundnut meal, Substitution for soybean meal in high concentrate diet, Comparison of raw and cooked cottonseed meal, Did not improve performance compared to urea-molasses supplementation, Increasing levels of cottonseed meal with low nutritive value forage (9% protein), Increasing levels of cottonseed meal decreased forage DMI (59 to 33 g/kg W, Supplementation decreased hay intake but not diet intake; increased the diet OM (55 to 63%) and protein (55 to 64%) digestibility, increased ADG (21 to 62 g/d) and carcass characteristics, Histological changes in testicular tissue indicating detrimental effects to the spermatogenic tissues and associated cells. Rev. Cottonseed meal is also used as fertilizer (NCPA, 2002). World production of cottonseed meal was about 14.7 million tons in 2009 among which 10.9 million tons were used to feed livestock. J. Bombay Vet. Acta Scientiarum - Animal Sciences, 28 (4): 415-422, Panigrahi, S.; Plumb, V. E.; Machin, D. H., 1989. The protein fraction in meal can be extracted by weak base as a whole cottonseed protein isolate (PI), or sequentially extracted into a water soluble protein fraction (PIw) and an alkali soluble protein … Sci., 75 (6): 1666-1673, Brunson, J. F.; Romaire, R. P.; Reigh, R. C., 1997. Anais Zootec., Palestras, 31p, Roehm, J. M.; Lee, D. J.; Sinnhube, R. O. , 1967. Cottonseed meal was suggested as a remplacement for soybean meal at up to 25-30% of the diet (Fombad et al., 2004; Thomaz et al., 1997). Saúde Prod. Asian Journal of Dairy Research, 5 (2): 65-70. Effect of raw cotton seed meal on the performance, carcass characteristics and certain blood parameters of broiler chickens. Bras. 1. J. Anim. The effects of oats, supplementary nitrogen, lupins and cottonseed meal. A protein-rich feed, cottonseed meal is a common source of protein for ruminants, notably in cotton-producing areas such as Ukraine, Poland where it is used as a partial substitute for soybean meal. Res., 56 (1-3): 39-45, Akande, K. E. ; Doma, U. D. ; Agu, H. O. ; Adamu, H. M., 2010. Effects of gossypol content of cottonseed cake on blood constituents in growing-fattening lambs. The amount A. ; Rotimi, A. Nutr., 76: 69-72, Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment, 2011. Cottonseed feed products guide. Sci., 63 (4): 1267-1273, Morales, A. E., Cardenete, G.; Sanz, A.; de la Higuera, M., 1999. Zootecnia, 61 (233): 55-62, Mena, H; Santos, J. E. P.; Huber, J. T.; Simas, J. M.; Tarazon, M.; Calhoun, M. C., 2001. Did you find the information you were looking for? Feed Sci. Due to its … A., 1987. J. Appl. IFAS. Transactions Am. The main potential problem of using cottonseed meal for layers is the effect of gossypol on egg yolk colour (greenish discoloration, mottling), which occurs mainly after a period of storage (Ryan et al., 1986). Indian J. Anim. In Egypt, adding ferrous sulfate to the diet overcame the lower results observed with cottonseed fed to 6 month old lambs (Ward et al., 2008). Res. These countries account for almost 80% of world production and consume 75% of this production as feed (FAO, 2012). The protein was precipitated from its filtered alkaline solution by bringing the latter to pH 4.4 with hydrochloric acid. Composition of some recommended Nigerian commercial cottonseed varieties. Vet., 153 (5): 323-328, Shah, F. H. ; Shah, W. H. ; Yasin, M. ; Naheed Abdullah; Abdullah, N., 1986. Alleviated by vitamin E supplementation, Cottonseed meal with 620 mg/kg of free gossypol for 3 months, Cottonseed meal with 1.68 g/kg of gossypol, Cottonseed meal with 12 g/d of free gossypol for 76 days, Cottonseed meal with free gossypol (4 g/d) from the last 3 months of pregnancy until the 4, Lower beta carotene and alpha tocopherol content before calving but not later. Food Agric., 44 (1): 1-8, INFIC, 1978. Crude Fat, not less than 0.5%. Dabrowski, K., K. J.; Rinchard, L. J.; Ciereszko, A.; Blom, J. H.; Ottobre, J. , 2001. Cottonseed meal as substitute for soyabean meal in broiler ration. J. Anim. J. Cottonseed meal is a by-product from the oil extraction of cottonseed. Rev. Progressive Fish-Culturist, 42: 87–91, Friesecke, H. K., 1970. Technol., 38 (2–3): 89–103, Papadopoulos, G.; Fegeros, K.; Ziras, E., 1987. Chiba, L. I., 2001. Muhle + Mischfuttertechnik, 125 (39): 504-505, Li DeFa; Xu, X. X.; Qiao, S. Y.; Zheng, C. T.; Chen, Y.; Piao, X. S.; Han, I. K.; Thacker, P., 2000. Technol., 69: 271-280, Nagalakshmi, D.; Sastry, V. R. B.; Kesava Rao, V., 2002. Iran Agricultural Research, 1 (2): 181-190, Prado, I. N. do; Martins, A. de S., 1999. Rural Dev, 19 (11), Mbahinzireki, G. B., Dabrowski, K.; Lee, K. J.; El-Saidy, D.; Wisner, E. R. , 2001. Theriogenology, 53 (5): 1193-1203. Cottonseed meal has been tested in the diets of dairy and meat goats with variable results, as summarized in the table below. Dietary formulation with cottonseed meal on a total amino acid versus a digestible amino acid basis. Long-term evaluation of cottonseed meal as a protein source for Nile tilapia, European Commission, 2003. 14, LED, ILRI, Benbouza, H.; Lognay, G.; Palm, R.; Baudoin, J. P.; Mergeai, G., 2002. Rural Dev., 5 (2): 25-30. B. ; Leng, R. A., 1986. The nutritional responses of three species of postlarval penaeid shrimp to cottonseed meal. Bras. Cottonseed meal is a highly variable product. Effet de la granulation sur les performances de croissance, l’efficacité alimentaire et la viabilité des lapereaux en condition d’élevage tropical. Plankton community responses in earthen channel catfish nursery ponds under various fertilization regimes. Pigs fed on diets containing 55-138 mg/kg free gossypol developed health and reproduction troubles: mortality increased and reproductive performance decreased, particularly in boars. However, while gossypol is much less toxic to ruminants than to pigs and poultry, it is still recommended to limit its use to mature and non-reproductive animals, females and males, for short periods only and at relatively low inclusion rates, unless free gossypol content is known to be below the risk level. Performance of growing-fattening lambs fed diets containing different proportions of cotton seed meal. Feeding value of cottonseed meal for feedlot cattle. A simple weight-for-weight replacement of soybean meal by cottonseed meal is likely to result in amino acid deficiency. Global Cottonseed Protein Market Size by Region (US$ Million) (2016 VS 2021 VS 2027) … Feeding test on Angora rabbits with glandless cottonseed meal. Aquaculture Res., 26 (10): 723–730, Mischke, C. C.; Zimba, P. V., 2004. Determination of protein ruminal degradabilities of some protein sources. Context Publications, Leicestershire, England. by Alex Owre The white lint that is spun into cotton yarn constitutes roughly a quarter of the raw plant matter sucked into a cotton stripper. Mature ruminant animals do not suffer from cottonseed meal consumption but it may affect their reproductive performance (European Commission, 2003). Cons: First, the availability depends on the current year’s cotton crop and distribution. The extrusion and … 1, Brown, W. F.; Pate, F. M., 1997. Recommendations for quails are similar to those provided for broilers and layers, and in any case lysine must be adequately supplied in diets containing cottonseed meal. It is advisable to take lysine digestibility into account when formulating poultry feeds containing cottonseed meal (Fernandez et al., 1995). Prod., 4 (02): 227-232, Dorsa, W. J., Robinette, H. R.; Robinson, E. H.; Poe, W. E., 1982. However, due to the variability of the fat, protein and gossypol content, results are sometimes contradictory. Moisture content should be monitored and kept between 5 and 11%. Dietary cottonseed meal affects growth, hematology, immune responses of Nile tilapia. Testosterone concentrations in blood were decreased in boars fed diets containing 110 mg/kg of free gossypol and above. Trop. Cottonseed meal is palatable and commonly is used in cattle rations in the southern and Feed Sci. Another limitation is amino acid content (particularly lysine) and availability, as lysine-gossypol binding prevents lysine absorption and decreases its digestibility. Notably, non dehulled meals may have a very high fibre content and are therefore of low value for poultry.