0000007333 00000 n /Pattern17 27 0 R ¹,ô€\Ff'çré{榚(¸äsr „ÿ¯ /XStep 8 << >> /PaintType 1 endobj endobj Ca 2+(aq) and Mg 2+(aq), can be determined by titration with a chelating agent ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), usually in the form of disodium salt (H 2Y2-). /XStep 8 >> /XStep 8 ¹,ô€\Ff'çré{æ¦[*¸äsr xˆƒ endstream >> Use the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. /TilingType 1 /Resources << Water is the most important compound that is needed for the survival of life on earth. << /Length 45 /Type /Pattern <<04F8E90612AA34458D4BC7803ECA539A>]>> 33 0 obj /Type /Pattern /BBox [0 0 8 8] /Resources << 0000003600 00000 n << /Pattern8 12 0 R /PatternType 1 /YStep 8 /Length 45 /BBox [0 0 8 8] /XStep 8 endstream This shows that rain water is soft. /Filter /FlateDecode /Filter /FlateDecode /Resources << /Filter /FlateDecode /XObject << 27 0 obj /Img1 256 0 R endobj >> /PatternType 1 endobj Info: 923 words (4 pages) Essay Published: 1st Jan 1970 in Chemistry Reference this Water hardness is handled a little differently from salinity in that in some countries the degree is the unit of measure. Determination of Total hardness • The ions involved in water hardness, i.e. /Img39 294 0 R A – consumption of Chelaton for determination of the sum Ca 2+ + Mg 2+ [ml] Ao, - consumption of Chelaton for the blank [ml] f = 4 (titrated 25 ml; Hardness degrees are expressed as mg per 100 ml) Total hardness German scale for drinking water 0 - 4 Very soft 4 - 6 Soft 6 - 9 Medium hard 9 - 12 Fairly hard 12 - 18 Hard > 18 Very hard /Resources << x^3Ğ3±´P0@"‹Ò¹ Download determination of water hardness reaction file, open it with the free trial version of the stoichiometry calculator. Calcium and magnesium dissolved in water are the two most common minerals that make water “hard.” The hardness of water is referred to by three types of measurements: grains per gallon, milligrams per liter (mg/L), or parts per million (ppm). /Pattern14 24 0 R /Img32 287 0 R /Type /Pattern /BBox [0 0 8 8] >> /F2 307 0 R /PaintType 1 /BBox [0 0 8 8] In this process the determination of water hardness definite by the capacity of soap consuming of the water. endstream The determination of hardness is a useful analytical tests that provides a measure of water quality for household and industrial uses. /YStep 8 /PatternType 1 42 0 obj /YStep 8 Water hardness is handled a little differently from salinity in that in some countries the degree is the unit of measure. /Filter /FlateDecode << /Img16 271 0 R x^3Ğ3±´P0@"‹Ò¹ /PatternType 1 /PaintType 1 x^3Ğ3±´P0@"‹Ò¹ /Pattern << Because Determination of water hardness. Determination of Total hardness Repeat the above titration method for sample hard water instead of standard hard water. /BBox [0 0 8 8] /Resources << 0000003565 00000 n >> endobj endobj stream /Type /Pattern stream /Filter /FlateDecode /Resources << /PaintType 1 endstream /Length 45 ¹,ô€\Ff'çré{æ¦)¸äsr „ù® /Pattern3 7 0 R stream Mg 2+ + HD 2- (blue) → MgD (wine red) + H +. /Img36 291 0 R >> stream /Pattern1D 33 0 R /PaintType 1 Multivalent cations are positively charged metal complexes with a charge greater than 1+. >> /Img11 266 0 R endstream << Let the burette reading of EDTA be V 3 ml. /PatternType 1 ¹,ô€\Ff'çré{榛+¸äsr …$´ Download PDF. /XStep 8 10 0 obj Format: PDF and MS Word (DOC) pages = 65 ₦ 3,000 x^3Ğ3±´P0@"‹Ò¹ /PaintType 1 x^3Ğ3±´P0@"‹Ò¹ ¹,ô€\Ff'çré{榛+¸äsr xz� The hardness of a water sample was successfully discovered by finding the calcium content in the sample. stream /Length 45 /Length 45 The other ions like Strontium, Iron, Barium and Manganese also contribute. /Resources << 1st Jan 1970 Chemistry Reference this Disclaimer: This work has been submitted by a university student. >> >> /TilingType 1 endobj >> 2.2 Food Food is the principal dietary source of intake of both calcium and magnesium. /Length 45 /XStep 8 x^3Ğ3±´P0@"‹Ò¹ /Pattern2 6 0 R